Indian Railways : introduced in india in 1850

Railways were introduced in india in 1850

Beyer, Peacock and Company. Madras Railway (India) '0-4-2' tank locomotive Order No 425, 1860. Image from Museum of Photographic Arts.

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Commencement of Railways. —The first railway line in India covering 34 kms. between Boribunder (Bombay) and Thana was opened to traffic on 16th April, 1853, barely 28years after the World's first train roads its initial successful run between Stockton and Darlington in England in 1825.

EVOLUTION OF INDIAN RAILWAYS—HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The first railway line in India covering 34 kms. between Boribunder (Bombay) and Thana was opened to traffic on 16th April, 1853, barely 28years after the World's first train roads its initial successful run between Stockton and Darlington in England in 1825. Within a year the line was extended to Kalyan. This marked the culmination of a process started ton years earlier when the idea of a railway to connect Bombay with Thana and beyond was first conceived by the then Chief Engineer under Bombay Government in 1843. 

This idea took a concrete shape when a new company was formed in England under the name of the great Indian Peninsula Railway Company which was incorporated in England by an Act of Parliament or 1st August, 1849. The Railway Company entered into a contract on 17th August, 1849 with the East India Company according to which the Railway Company would inter alia raise a capital of £ 500,000. 

The construction of the line from Bombay to Kalyan was started on 31st October 1850. The fine upto Thana was commissioned on 16th April, 1853 and upto Kalyan on hi May, 1854.

The Eastern sector, the first passenger train steamed out of Howrah station destined for Hooghly, 39 kilometers away, en (5th August, 1854. The railway line was extended upto Pundooah (61 kms. from Howrah) on 1st September, 1854 an4 on 3rd February, I8S5 the line was opened upto Raniganj.

In the South, the first railway line was opened on 1st July, 1856 between Veyasarpaudy and Walajah Road (Arcot), a distance of 101 kilometers.   In the North a length of 19Z kilometers of railway line was from Allahabad to Kanpur on 3rd March, 1859, and 3 years later the Amritsar-Atari section of Amritsar-Lanore fine was opened to traffic. 

The section from Hataras Road to Mathura Cantonment was opened to traffic on 19th October, 1875 to be followed by the section  from Kanpur to Farukhabad in the winter 1880-81.

 Next came the section in the extreme East, Dibrgarh Town to Dinjan,  which was opened on 15th August 1882. By 1882, the Indian Railway system had a route kilometrage of 16,333 (about 10,000 miles) opened for traffic.

Locomotive Engine No. 2, 1875

Date: 1875

Media: pen and ink and wash on paper

 
Size:
 266 x 425 mm

Acquired:1964; Gift

Accession Number: 64.257

When India’s first commercial passenger train pulled out of Bori Bunder station in Bombay in 1853, it travelled only 34 kilometres in an hour and a half. Less than 50 years later, there were 41,000 km of railway lines across the country, administered by 33 different railway companies, only four of which were run by the state.

Early Railway Companies.—The first railways built in India were constructed and worked by private sterling companies who were guaranteed a fixed rate of exchange and a specified return on the capital invested by them.   

During 1854-40, contracts for the  construction of railways in India were made by the East India Company or (after 1858) by the Secretary of State for India, with the East Indian Railways Company, the Great Indian Peninsula   Railway   Company,  the   Madras  Railway   Company,  the Bombay Baroda and Central India Railway Company, the Sind (afterwards the Sind, Punjab and Delhi) Railway Company, the Eastern Bengal Railway Company, the Great Southern of India (afterwards the South Indian) Railway Company and the Calcutta and  South   Eastern   Railway Company.

Name of Railway                                               Date of taking Over by Government

I) The East Indian Railway         ..            ..            ..     1st January ,1925

(2)  The Great Indian Peninsula Railway                    .. 1st July, 1925

(3)  The Bombay Boroda and Central India Railway     1st January, 1942

(4)  The Assam Bangal Railway               ..               ..   1st January, 1942

(5)  Oudh and Tirhut Railway      ..            ..            ,.     1st January, 1943

(6) The Madras and Southern Maharastra Railway      .. 1st April, 1944

(7)  The South Indian Railway      ..           ..           ..       1st April 1944,.

(8) The Bengal Nagpur Railway ..           ..           ..          1st October 1944

INDIAN RAIWAYS : BEST ENGINE'S

INDIAN RAILWAYS : BEST ENGINE'S 

 Indian Railways uses a variety of diesel and electric engines for its trains. Some of the best engines used by Indian Railways are:

1. WAP-7 (Electric): A high-powered electric engine used for hauling long-distance express trains.

WAP-7 is the most powerful passenger locomotive over Indian Railways capable of hauling 24 coaches high speed trains. However, the maximum service speed of locomotive is 140 kmph.

Development of High Speed WAP-7HS Locomotive :

WAP-7 is the most powerful passenger locomotive over Indian Railways capable of hauling 24 coaches high speed trains. However, the maximum service speed of locomotive is 140 kmph. To operate the trains at faster speed and reduce the journey time, enhancing the maximum service speed of locomotive is necessary.

 Indian Railway has undertaken project of upgradation of speed potential of WAP-7 locomotives from 140 kmph to 160 kmph. Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) turned out new version of WAP-7 locomotive (WAP-7HS) having potential of maximum service speed as 160 kmph. The complete design and development of locomotive have been done indigenously. The necessary simulation and modelling are carried out by CLW in-house. To enhance the speed of the locomotive, a weight reduction of about 14 tonnes have been carried out.  The gear ratio has also been changed from 3.6 (72:20) to 3.2 (70:22). The software modification has been carried out to optimize slip-slide control and tractive effort. The locomotive shall be put into service after statuary tests and trials. The new type of locomotive is expected to facilitate operation of premium trains such as Rajdhani, Shatabdi and Duranto at higher speed.

1. Total H.P. - 6000

2. Wheel Arrangement - Co-Co

3. Max. Tractive effort at start - 286 kN

4. Total weight of loco - 109 t±1%

5. Axle loads (Max.) - 18.2 t±2%

6 Length over buffers - 20562 mm

6. Total width of loco - 3152 mm

7. Maximum service speed - 160 kmph

8. Gear Ratio - 3.2

The Indian locomotive class WAP-7 is a class of 25 kV AC electric locomotives that was developed in 1999 by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), AC Current (A), Passenger traffic (P) engine, 7th generation

 The WAP-7 (Wide Ambit Power) is a type of electric engine used by Indian Railways for hauling long-distance express trains. It is known for its high power output and efficiency, which makes it ideal for high-speed trains that travel long distances.

2. WDP-4D (Diesel): A powerful and reliable diesel engine used for hauling express trains.

 The WDP4D dual cab locomotive is equipped with a turbocharged 16-cylinder 2-stroke 710 G3B diesel engine. This engine has high fuel efficiency and requires low maintenance. The fuel efficiency of this locomotive is better than the existing locomotives.

Maximum speed -135 kmph. 9. Diesel Engine Type -16-710G3B. 10.

The Dual-Cab WDP4D EMD Stretches out in Full Length !

The WDP4D is the double cab version of the WDP4 and WDP4B, made by Indian Railways to silence the criticism about its odd shaped LHF end. This was made possible by attaching a cab to the cab-less end of the original EMD, which looks a bit awkward, though and at the same time making the long EMD even longer! Managed to take this shot in one take after a lot of work and leveling without using a flash. The “LHF” cab’s profile is sadly obstructed by a coach-position indicator.

The WDP-4D (Wide Diesel Power 4-stroke, high Horsepower, Dual Cab) is a type of diesel engine used by Indian Railways for hauling express trains. It is known for its powerful and reliable performance, which makes it ideal for trains that need to cover long distances in a short amount of time.

3. WDG-3A (Diesel): A versatile diesel engine used for hauling freight and passenger trains.

 The WDG-3A (Wide Diesel Generator 3-Axle) is a type of diesel engine used by Indian Railways for hauling both passenger and freight trains. It is known for its versatility and ability to handle a variety of trains, making it a popular choice among Indian Railways.

Running of Twin WAGC3 locomotive converted WDG3A locomotive up to a maximum speed of 80 kmph on various electrified sections of Northern Railway.

WDG3A Diesel Electric locomotive :

W – Broad gauge

D - Diesel Engine

G – Goods Service

3A –Engine Horse Power -3100 HP

 

This loco is having up rated Diesel engine fitted with fuel efficient kit, Napier or GE make TSC, incorporated IRAB1 and facilitated with AC – DC transmission.

Main compartments of WDG3A Loco from short hood to long hood

1. Nose compartment

2. Loco Pilot cab

3. Control compartment

4. Alternator Room

5. Engine Room

6. Compressor Room

7. Radiator Room

8. Under truck 

4. WDG-4 (Diesel): A newer diesel engine with improved fuel efficiency and power.

The model name stands for broad-gauge (W), Diesel (D), Goods traffic (G) engine, 3,100 hp (3A) locomotive.

The WDG4D dual cab locomotive is equipped with a turbocharged 16-cylinder 2-stroke 710 G3B diesel engine. This engine has high fuel efficiency and requires low maintenance. The fuel efficiency of this locomotive is better than the existing locomotives. This engine has many modern features like, laser hardened cylinder liners, unit fuel injectors which eliminate the problematic HP tube, Inconel valves, hydraulic valve adjuster, durable crankcase and piston structure. The diesel engine drives the main alternator. 

Feature of dual cab has sufficiently improved the visibility for crew. The length of locomotive is 23002 mm over buffer to buffer, where as length of both cab is not same. The CAB-1 & CAB-2 length is 2377 and 2232 mm respectively. This locomotive has been designed to run up to maximum operating speed of 105 Km/h on BGroutes of Indian Railways. The tractive effort limiting switch has been provided in the driver cab of the locomotive & may be operated by the crew at the time of requirement. 

MT-230 of May' 2000 indicate that the WDG4 locomotive exhibits satisfactory stability and riding qualities upto a maximum test speed of 115 km/h on track maintained to other than C & M-I Vol. -I standard.

The main alternator TA17 is a 3-phase, 10 pole, 90 slots machine equipped with two independent and interwoven sets of stator winding. The main alternator construction is such that it is basically two alternators in one - two sets of stator windings, permanently connected in series, work with a rotating field common to both the windings in order to provide higheralternator output voltage, which is a basic requirement of a low current high voltage alternatorused on AC-AC locomotives. The main alternator converts the mechanical power of dieselengine into 3-Phase Electrical Power alternating current. The internal rectifier bank of the main alternator converts 3 Phase AC Power into DC Power (alternating current into direct current) there by providing a DC power output. The DC voltage output from the main alternator is called the DC link voltage and is applied to the traction inverters. DC link voltage varies with the throttle position from 600 V DC at Throttle - 1 to 2600 V DC at Throttle - 8. The inverter changes DC power into variable frequency variable voltage 3 phase AC power for traction requirement as per the feedback control signals received from LCC & TCC. WDG4D locomotive is provided with self load test feature, capable of testing full output of the engine. There are three variants of traction alternator in this locomotive i.e M/s EMD, M/s BHEL and M/s Yongji at present. 

The WDG-4 (Wide Diesel Generator 4-stroke) is a newer diesel engine used by Indian Railways. It is known for its improved fuel efficiency and power, and is considered to be a more advanced and efficient engine compared to older diesel engines used by Indian Railways.

These engines are known for their reliability, efficiency, and performance, and are constantly being upgraded and improved to meet the changing needs of Indian Railways.

Railway Zones and Divisions in The Country

 Railway Zones and Divisions in The Country

1. Central Railway. Mumbai. Mumbai (CST), Bhusawal, Nagpur, Solapur, Pune.

MUMBAI LOCAL

The Central Railway is a railway zone and operates in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, Vidarbha, and Marathwada regions in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The important railway stations under Central Railway in Maharashtra are Mumbai CST, Bhusawal, Nagpur, Solapur, and Pune.

2. Eastern Railway. Kolkata. Asansol, Howrah, Malda, Sealdah.

The Eastern Railway is a railway zone headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It operates in the states of West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar. Some of the major railway stations under Eastern Railway are Asansol, Howrah, Malda, and Sealdah.

3. East Central Railway. Hajipur.

The East Central Railway is a railway zone headquartered in Hajipur, Bihar, India. It operates in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh. The East Central Railway comprises of various divisions such as Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, and Sonpur.

4. East Coast Railway. Bhubaneswar.

The East Coast Railway is a railway zone headquartered in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It operates in the states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh and serves some of the important ports and tourist destinations of the country. The East Coast Railway comprises of various divisions such as Khurda Road, Sambalpur, and Waltair.

5. Northern Railway. New Delhi. 

The Northern Railway is one of the 17 railway zones in India and is headquartered in New Delhi. It operates in the northern region of India and covers several states including Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh. Some of the important railway stations under Northern Railway are New Delhi, Ambala, Lucknow, Moradabad, and Firozpur.

6. North Central Railway. Allahabad. 

The North Central Railway is a railway zone headquartered in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. It operates in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and comprises of three divisions: Allahabad, Agra, and Jhansi. The North Central Railway connects some of the important cities and tourist destinations of the region.

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7. North Eastern Railway. Gorakhpur.

The North Eastern Railway is a railway zone headquartered in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It operates in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Uttarakhand. The North Eastern Railway comprises of three divisions: Varanasi, Lucknow, and Izatnagar. The zone is responsible for the rail transport in one of the most economically backward regions of the country.

8.. Northeast Frontier Railway. Guwahati.

The Northeast Frontier Railway is a railway zone headquartered in Guwahati, Assam, India. It operates in the northeastern region of India and covers the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and some parts of West Bengal. The Northeast Frontier Railway comprises of four divisions: Tinsukia, Lumding, Alipurduar, and Rangiya. It is one of the 17 railway zones in India and is responsible for rail transport in one of the most challenging terrains in the country.

RAILWAYS WORKSHOP : INDIA

 Railways workshop in india

1.  Chittaranjan Locomotive Works. Chittaranjan.

The Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) is a manufacturing unit of Indian Railways, located in Chittaranjan, West Bengal, India. It specializes in the production of electric locomotives for the Indian Railways network. CLW was established in 1950 and has since then become one of the major production units of Indian Railways.

HISTORY :-

In the late 1930s, a committee consisting of M/s Humphries and Shrinivasan was created to consider the economic possibilities of establishing locomotive manufacturing facilities in India. The initial project at Chandmari, east of Kalyani in West Bengal, was found to be unsuitable due to the partition. A new survey led to the present site at Chittaranjan being established, which was approved by the railway board in 1947. A survey of the proposed area began on January 9, 1948; the rocky soil was an advantage in erecting structural foundations, and the undulating terrain solved the problem of drainage for the township. The Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) envisioned hydro-electric and thermal power stations in the area, assuring adequate power availability for the project.

The project was launched as Loco Building Works in 1950 to produce 120 average-sized steam locomotives. It also had the capacity to manufacture 50 spare boilers. Production of steam locomotives commenced on January 26, 1950. The first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, dedicated the first steam locomotive to the nation on 1 November 1950, and on the same day, the Loco Building Works was renamed as Chittaranjan Locomotive Works after Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das. The nearby Mihijam Station was also renamed as Chittaranjan.

Steel Foundry at Chittaranjan :-

The technical collaborators in the U.K. for setting up of a Steel Foundry at Chittaranjan to produce steel castings for railway track. The final Draft agreement has been drawn up and sent to Messrs. F. H. Lloyd & Co.. U.K., for acceptance.The production is expected to commence after the completion of construction and installation work which is estimated to take a period of about three years from the date of the signing of the Agreement. The estimated cost of this foundry is Rs. 2.8 crores, approximately.

The terms of the agreement are that we shall pay a sum of £1 lakh to the company with which we are collaborating, they will be responsible for supplying all the designs, supervision, advice in procurement of machinery etc.; if it is purchased in England, they will be responsible for the inspection of the machinery; also generally, they are to help us in putting up the foundry and also to train up the necessary personnel. In the first instance, the installed capacity is going to be 6,000 tons for steel castings for locomotives, and about 1,000 tons for track, from for points and crossings, from austenitic steel castings, which are made of a very hard type of steel. It will be mainly producing heavy and medium size castings im our steam locomotives.

2.  Diesel Locomotive Works. Varanasi.

MG Diesel Locomotive-YDM 6200

History:-

Founded in 1961, the DLW rolled out its first locomotive three years later, on January 3, 1964. It manufactures locomotives which are variants based on the original ALCO designs dating to 1960s and the GM EMD designs of the 1990s. DLW has an annual production capacity of 150 locomotives and plans to increase it to 200 based on the current demand.·    A flagship production unit of Indian Railways offering complete range of products in its area of operation with annual turnover of over 2124 Crore.

·    State of the art Design and Manufacturing facility to manufacture 200 locomotives per annum with wide range of related products viz. DG Sets, Loco components and sub-assemblies. 

·    Supply of spares required to maintain Diesel Locomotives and DG sets. 

·    Unbeatable trail-blazing track record in providing cost-effective, eco-friendly and reliable solutions to ever increasing transportation needs for over four decades. 

·    Fully geared to meet specific transportation needs by putting Price - Value - Technology equation perfectly right. 

A large base of delighted customers among many countries viz. Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Tanzania, Angola, to name a few, bearing testimony to product leadership in its category.

Meter gauge diesel locomotive YDM4 6200

Products:-

DLW locomotives have power outputs ranging from 2600 hp to 4000 hp. Currently DLW is producing EMD GT46MAC and EMD GT46PAC locomotives under license from Electro-Motive Diesels (formerly GM-EMD) for Indian Railways.

The Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) is a production unit of Indian Railways, located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It specializes in the manufacture of diesel-electric locomotives for the Indian Railways network. DLW was established in 1961 and has since then become one of the largest diesel locomotive manufacturers in India.

3.  Integral Coach Factory. Chennai.

The Integral Coach Factory is one of the earliest production units of independent India. It was inaugurated by the first Prime Minister of India Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru on 2nd October, 1955.

( ICF )

Started in 1952, the Integral Coach Factory (ICF) is a factory for rail coaches located in Perambur, a suburb near Chennai, India. Most of the coaches manufactured are supplied to Indian Railways, but it has also manufactured coaches for railway companies in other countries, including Thailand, Burma, Taiwan, Zambia, Philippines, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam, Nigeria, Mozambique and Bangladesh. Recently, ICF exported coaches to Angola. It also has got orders worth of 102 crores from Sri Lanka.

The coach factory provides a number of different coaches primarily for the Indian Railways, primarily first and second class coaches, pantry and kitchen cars, luggage and brake vans, self propelled coaches, electric, diesel and mainline electric multiple units, metro coaches and Diesel Electric Tower Cars (DETC), Accident Relief Medical Vans (ARMV), Inspection Cars (RA), Fuel Test Cars, Track Recording Cars , the latest coaches are Deccan odeysey, and Coaches for MRVC (world class coaches)

The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) is a manufacturing unit of Indian Railways, located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It specializes in the production of rail coaches for the Indian Railways network. ICF was established in 1952 and has since then become one of the major production units of Indian Railways. It is the largest rail coach manufacturer in India and produces a variety of coaches for both passenger and freight trains.

4.  Rail Coach Factory. Kapurthala.

Established in 1985, RCF is a coach manufacturing unit of Indian Railways. It has manufactured more than 30000 passenger coaches of different types including self-propelled passenger vehicles which constitute over 50% of the total population of coaches on Indian Railways.

Some of them are:-

1.'Tejas' high-speed coach (only by RCF Kapurthala for Indian Railway)

2..Non-AC general coach (BG/MG)

3. Non-AC luggage-cum-brake van (BG/MG)

4. Refrigerated parcel van (BG)

5. Accident relief train (BG)

Production:-

This output constitutes over 35% of the total population of coaches on Indian Railways. The Rail Coach Factory (RCF) has produced a record number of coaches in the financial year 2013–14, as it reached the mark of 1701 coaches against installed capacity of 1500 per annum. During the year RCF produced 23 different variants of coaches for high-speed trains like Rajdhani, Shatabdi, double-decker and other trains. The factory in association with DRDE also developed a highly cost-effective indigenous technology for the treatment of biowaste in coaches. Around 2096 bio-toilets have been fitted in 2013–14.

The Rail Coach Factory (RCF) is a production unit of Indian Railways, located in Kapurthala, Punjab, India. It specializes in the manufacture of rail coaches for the Indian Railways network. RCF was established in 1986 and has since then become one of the major production units of Indian Railways. It produces a variety of coaches for both passenger and freight trains and has the capacity to manufacture over 1,000 coaches annually.

5.  Rail Wheel Factory. Bangalore.

Jaffer Sharief, the then Railway Minister, who got this project to Bangalore. It was commissioned in 1984 to manufacture wheels and axles for the Indian Railways. This factory uses cast steel technology in the manufacturing of wheels which utilizes scrap steel collected from Railways' own workshops as raw material.

Genesis of Rail Wheel Factory:-

In early 1970s, Indian Railways were dependent on Tata Iron & Steel Co., and Hindustan Steel, Durgapur for supply of wheels. With Tata’s plant being inadequate for Railways requirements, the Durgapur Wheel & Axle Plant was planned to supplement and fully meet Railways needs. However, supplies from these two units could not meet the requirements of railways and IR continued to depend on imports of wheels, axles and tyres to a great extent. Apart from the drain of foreign exchange, the cost of imports was high and prices were also rising in world markets. At the same time, rolling stock holdings of railways were continuously increasing. Financing of wheel imports and delays in

supplies from abroad adversely effected the wagon production and rolling stock maintenance. It is in this context that Railway Board, in mid-1971 felt the necessity of seriously considering setting up of Wheel & Axle Plant. Subsequently, the then Minister of Railways, Shri K.Hanumanthaiya, announced in his Budget Speech for 1972-73 that: "Government of India has given a fresh impetus to the policy of self-sufficiency after the so-called foreign aid from certain powers stopped or threatened to be stopped.

The Railways want to implement the policy in all earnestness. We propose to start two new projects to manufacture wheels and axles and traction gears. Our requirements of wheels and axles are only met in part by indigenous production and we were purchasing the rest from foreign countries costing Rs.5.8 crores a year. Requirement of wheels and axles is growing. The proposed Plant will be one more

Railway Production Unit and will produce approximately 20,000 wheel-sets and 25,000 loose wheels per year making the Railways virtually self-sufficient".

A study was carried out by the then Dy.CME/NER Shri. H.S.Kapoor, wherein the need for a Wheel and Axle Plant with a capability to manufacture cast wheels, forged axles and assemble wheelsets was confirmed.

Further a detailed study was made considering various aspects like ease of transportation of scrap and raw materials, availability of blooms for forging axles, proximity to industrial areas for supply of requirements of tools and equipment, oxygen and acetylene gas, electrodes and graphite moulds, Electricity tariff etc.,

The first trial wheel was cast on 30th December 1983 and first axle was forged in March 1984. After successful trials, the Plant was formally inaugurated by the then Prime Minister late Smt. Indira Gandhi on 15th September 1984. Starting with annual plant capacity of 56,700 cast wheels and 23,000 forged

axles, RWF has grown to a capacity of 1,90,000 wheels and 70,000 axles and 48,000 wheelsets. RWF’s annual production levels have been in excess of target set by the Railway Board every year since inception. Till date, RWF has manufactured more than 36 lakh wheels, 17 lakh axles and 12 lakh wheelsets.

The Rail Wheel Factory (RFW) is a production unit of Indian Railways, located in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It specializes in the manufacture of railway wheels and axles for the Indian Railways network. RFW was established in 1984 and has since then become one of the major production units of Indian Railways. It supplies railway wheels and axles to Indian Railways as well as exports to several countries.

INDAIN RAILWAYS HISTORY

 INDAIN RAILWAYS HISTORY

The history of Indian Railways dates back to 1853, when the first train ran between Mumbai and Thane. It was established as a department under the British colonial government and continued to grow, connecting different parts of the country with an expansive network of trains and tracks.

After India's independence in 1947, Indian Railways was nationalized and became a state-owned enterprise. Today, it is one of the largest rail networks in the world, spanning over 115,000 km of track and employing over a million people. Despite facing several challenges such as limited infrastructure and funding, Indian Railways continues to play a crucial role in India's economic development and transportation needs.

Scheme of presentation

 History of rail roads

 Evolution of IR

 Organizational structure and management

 Staffing pattern

 Management of staff

– Welfare activities

History of Rail roads

 1550 AD – – Roads of rails called wagon ways used in Germany wooden rails, horse drawn carriages  1776 AD – Rails now of metal. Wheels metal called tram ways horse drawn-spread all over Europe  1789AD – William Jessop- invented the flanged wheel  1803 AD – Steam engine built by Richard trevethick

RAILROADS –feasible due to invention of steam engine

– 1789- first flanged wheels designed –Jessop

– 1804 –first tramway steam engine built and used –R.Trevithick – 1825-Stockton and Darlington railways functional – 1814-George Stephenson –built first rail engine – 1826- john Stevens- first American railroad – 1857 –first sleeping car built –Pullman – 1869-george Westinghouse –invention of air brakes – 1970’s –high speed technology

 

HISTORY OF RAILRODSINDIA

– 1832 first proposed in madras—bangalore

– 1836-survey carried out

– 1840- lord Hardinge decides to support building of railways—irrespective of commercial viability

– 1845-two companies EIR and GIPR operating

– Dec 22 185

History of railroads in India

 The British government encouraged the setting up of railways by private investors under a scheme that would guarantee an annual return of 5% during the initial years of operation. Once completed, the company would be passed under government ownership, but would be operated by the company that built them.

 1862-Howrah –benaras

 1870- East and west network linked –6400 kms and 95 million pounds investment

History of railroads –India

 By 1880 the network had a route mileage of about 14,500 km (9,000 miles), mostly radiating inward from the three major port cities of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. By 1895, India had started building its own locomotives, and in 1896 sent engineers and locomotives to help build the ugandan railways .

 In 1900, the GIPR became a government owned company. The network spread to modern day states of Assam, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh and soon various independent kingdoms began to have their own rail systems.

 1901 –railway board constituted

 1907 –most companies taken over by government—first electric locomotive

 1914-1918—impact of world war I

 1920– 61000 kms network—independent railway budget

 1940-44—impact of second world war

History of IR –pre independence

 IRCA

– The Indian Railway Conference Association came into existence in the year 1902. AT that time railway network in India consisted of 19 privately owned separate railways systems covering a total of 8,475 miles. Each company had formulated its own rules and regulations regarding charging, booking and carriage of Passengers and Goods. Due to multiplicity of rules the user was very much inconvenienced. With a view to overcome the difficulties in regard to different rules and regulations and to frame rules regarding movement of wagons of one railway system over the other, the Indian Railway Conference Association was formed in the year 1902. Initially the Association was constituted to frame rules and regulations for booking of traffic and interchange of trains between railways, to act as a consultative Committee and as a Board of Arbitration. Subsequently the Committees for prescribing common standards for wagon maintenance and Classification were formed and by 1926 it was decided to have permanent Committees and Technical sections covering all spheres of Railway working under IRCA.

History of IR –post independence

 1946 –all company railways taken over by government. 40% railways in Pakistan

 42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000 KMS—Multi gauge

 1951- reorganization and merger of all company railways—6 Zones

 1952—BG standard, indigenous production units; electrification

 1986-steam phased out

 Metro built in Calcutta

 1998-konkan railway built

Some company railways

 BBCI—

– The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was a company incorporated in 1855 to undertake the task of constructing a railway line between Bombay and Vadodara in India. BB&CI completed the work in 1864. The first suburban railway in India was started by BB&CI started between Virar and Colaba, a station in Bombay Backbay in the 1867.

– The Colaba-Borivali section (37.8 km) was eletrified on 5 January, 1928 on the 1.5 kV DC system.

– 1936– electrification of churchgate-virar

– On 5 November 1951 the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway was merged with the Saurashtra, Rajputana and Jaipur railways to give rise to the Western Railway.

Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway

 The Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway was a railway company that operated in southern India. It was founded on January 1, 1908, by merging the Madras and the southern mahratta railways. Initially, its headquarters was at Royapuram in Madras but later shifted to a newly constructed building at Egmore, which was inaugurated on December 11, 1922. On April 1, 1944, its management was taken over directly by the Government of India.

[1] On 14 April, 1951, the Madras and South Mahratta Railway, the South indian railway and the mysore state railway were merged together to form the Southern Railway, one of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways.

History of IR –post independence

 1946 –all company railways taken over by government. 40% railways in Pakistan.

 42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000 KMS—Multi gauge.

 1951- reorganization and merger of all company railways—6 Zones

 1952—BG standard, indigenous production units; electrification.

 1986-steam phased out.

 Metro built in Calcutta.

 1998-konkan railway built.